A core feature of Nuvolos is that projects are encapsulated and self-contained in terms of both data and software. This feature is realized by the concept and hierarchical level called space. A space lives within the context of an organization, and different spaces can be created for managing activities such as a course, a summer school, a research project, or a dataset. Spaces contain at least one, but in certain use cases may contain a number of instances, which represent separate work contexts that allow for access control and sharing of data between the members of a space (e.g. teachers and students). A space, therefore, can be seen as a logical unit to organize: